Parenting styles and child development

Authoritative Parenting

Characteristics:

1. High responsiveness and high demands.
2. Expects and rules but also is kind and supportive.
3. Encourages independence while maintaining limits.

Impact on Child Development:

1. Higher self-esteem and self-confidence.
2. Better emotional regulation and socialisation.
3. Superb grades and analytical skills.
4. Lower risk of behavioral problems.

Authoritarian Parenting

Characteristics:

1. Low responsiveness and high demands.
2. Disciplined, Obedient, Controlled.
3. Not much emotional openness; communication is a one-way street.

Impact on Child Development:

1. Increased anxiety, fear, or resentment.
2. Social impairment and low self-image.
3. Sensitiveness to rebelliousness or inferiority complex.
4. Conformity and punishment in the extreme, but not always with a high price tag.

Permissive Parenting

Characteristics:

1. High responsiveness and low demands.
2. No boundaries and very little regulation.
3. Discipline if the child’s happiness.

Impact on Child Development:

1. Poor self-discipline and impulse control.
2. Fascination with power and boundaries.
3. Higher risk of behavioral problems.
4. Can be creative and highly social, but also ill-advised with duty.

Neglectful/Uninvolved Parenting

Characteristics:

1. Low responsiveness and low demands.
2. Very little participation in the child’s life, and no help or advice.
3. Often comes from personal reasons like stress or mental illness.

Impact on Child Development:

1. Bad emotional control, low self-esteem.
2. Lack of building connections and trust.
3. Academic underachievement.
4. Riskier behaviours (substance abuse, etc.).

Top Traits of Parents and Children

1. Cultural Contexts: Cultural conditioning influences parenting styles and the concept of what is "workable".
2. Temperament of the Child: The temperament of a child has an impact on their reaction to parenting.
3. Parent-Child Relationship: Parent and child chemistry is very important.
4. Flexible: Parenting can happen only if styles are changed as children develop and the environment evolves. 
   
   

A Balanced Approach

Affirmative parenting is, according to the literature, generally best for the children. But be adaptable and sensitive to the individual needs of a child. And each parenting style has advantages and disadvantages, but a well-developed, communicative and structured home environment is the way to raise healthy children.